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      <title>Vines take up yeasts from soil and transport them through the vine to the stem and skins of grapes</title>
      <link>https://www.ithaka-journal.net/en/ct/89-vines-take-up-yeasts-from-soil-and-transport-them-through-the-vine-to-the-stem-and-skins-of-grapes</link>
      <description><![CDATA[In a vineyard field experiment it was demonstrated that Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast can be adsorbed from the soil by the roots of Vitis vinifera subs. vinifera and transported via vine to the stems and surface of the grapes. To exclude any extrinsic yeast contamination, the ripening grapes were sterilized and wrapped in plastic bags. Eleven active dried yeasts from different companies were then spread onto the vineyard soil. At four different time points, grape samples were taken under sterile conditions, crushed, and fermented without further inoculation. The yeasts in the fermented musts were characterized by PCR fingerprinting using the ITS region, testing whether they belonged to the Saccharomyces species. Then a microsatellite PCR was carried out with S.cerevisiae to demonstrate that these yeasts in the fermented must were from the same yeasts spread on the vineyard soil. The results showed that four of the eleven yeasts spread in the vineyard were transported via the vines onto the skin of the grapes.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sat, 04 Apr 2015 10:12:00 +0000</pubDate>
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      <title>Biochar in European Viticulture: Results of the Season 2011</title>
      <link>https://www.ithaka-journal.net/en/ct/73-biochar-in-european-viticulture-results-of-the-season-2011</link>
      <description><![CDATA[In 2011, several new field-scale experiments with biochar in vineyards were set up by the Delinat Institute. In addition to the institute's own site in Valais (Switzerland), long-term field experiments were also undertaken in three representative vineyards in France, Spain and Italy. The primary aim was to investigate the influence of biochar on vine growth and grape quality under various climatic and soil conditions. An analysis of preliminary results reveals a mixed picture and underlines the importance of biological and mineral activation of biochar.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sat, 28 Jan 2012 10:46:24 +0000</pubDate>
      <guid>https://www.ithaka-journal.net/en/ct/73-biochar-in-european-viticulture-results-of-the-season-2011</guid>
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      <title>Autumn pictures of a vineyard in biodiversity</title>
      <link>https://www.ithaka-journal.net/en/ct/60-autumn-pictures-of-a-vineyard-in-biodiversity</link>
      <description><![CDATA[For three years now, the photographer Patrick Rey has been following the development and revitalisation of the ecosystem in Mythopia, week by week. Being one of the most species-rich areas in Wallis, the Delinat Institute area features itself with truly innumerable motives. In addition to praying mantises, grasshoppers, green lizards, Rock Bunting, green frogs, wild bees and dice snakes over 60 species of butterflies romp amongst the vines, flowers, herbs, bushes, shrubs and trees.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 08 Oct 2010 20:02:00 +0000</pubDate>
      <guid>https://www.ithaka-journal.net/en/ct/60-autumn-pictures-of-a-vineyard-in-biodiversity</guid>
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      <title>Legume green cover in vineyards </title>
      <link>https://www.ithaka-journal.net/en/ct/44-legume-green-cover-in-vineyards</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The influence of permanent green cover variants on grapevines without mechanical soil management has been investigated during the last years with respect to different parameters like soil composition or nitrogen supply. The perennial green crops have not been plowed, but mowed several times a year, leaving the organic matter to decompose and mineralize in an undisturbed soil ecosystem.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sat, 13 Feb 2010 08:58:00 +0000</pubDate>
      <guid>https://www.ithaka-journal.net/en/ct/44-legume-green-cover-in-vineyards</guid>
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      <title>Charter for Biodiversity in Vineyards</title>
      <link>https://www.ithaka-journal.net/en/ct/31-charter-for-biodiversity-in-vineyards</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The principal idea of the new methods for a quality orientated wine growing is aimed at a precise encouragement of biodiversity. Nevertheless, the idea only arises indirectly from that esthetical image of a vineyard where one can perceive the smell of flowers and where the grasshoppers are jumping around; it is rather based on the concept of understanding the vineyard as an ecosystem, whose flexible balance is formed by means of a complex network of a high biological diversity. The promotion of biodiversity is not the goal itself, but the path for the establishment of the vineyard as a stable ecosystem.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sat, 05 Sep 2009 07:57:00 +0000</pubDate>
      <guid>https://www.ithaka-journal.net/en/ct/31-charter-for-biodiversity-in-vineyards</guid>
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      <title>The Enological Significance of Acetaldehyde</title>
      <link>https://www.ithaka-journal.net/en/ct/11-the-enological-significance-of-acetaldehyde</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Wine contains a large number of aldehydes, and acetaldehyde is the most important among them due to its concentration and enological implications. It is involved in the maturation process of red wines and may be responsible for sensory defects, but can be bound spontaneously with sulfur dioxide (SO2). Its reactivity and binding with sulfites explain to a large extent why normally wines need varying amounts of SO2 and why sulfur dioxide management is important in winery operations and postbottling stability.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 13 Feb 2009 12:44:00 +0000</pubDate>
      <guid>https://www.ithaka-journal.net/en/ct/11-the-enological-significance-of-acetaldehyde</guid>
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